An advanced CO 2 mineralization technology using Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) byproduct gypsum, which coproduces value-added precipitated calcium carbonate (precipitated CaCO 3, PCC) and ammonium sulfate [(NH 4) 2 SO 4, AS] fertilizer, is being developed to address the technical challenges of achieving simultaneous CO 2 capture and utilization, high …

Filtrate circulation was used to leach desulfurization gypsum, and the filtrate after recycling was used to recover ammonium sulfate by evaporation crystallization (Eq. (2–3)). Factors and levels of leaching experiments for desulfurization gypsum and carbonation experiments for Ca 2+ leaching solution were listed in Table 2, Table 3. Do each ...

When ammonium sulfate is applied to upland soil, the first reaction is the cation-exchange, in which ammonium (NH 4 +) displaces some other cations, usually calcium, on the exchange complex of the soil.The resulting calcium sulfate [CaSO 4] being soluble in water is partly taken up by plants but mostly leached through the soil during heavy rains.In this way, the loss of soil …

In this study, the FGD-gypsum will be tested for conversion to calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate by reacting it with C02 and ammonia or by reacting it with ammonium carbonate.

Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate …

Kinetics of the conversion of calcium sulfate to ammonium sulfate using ammonium carbonate aqueous solution. Elamin M. Elkanzi; and ; Mohamed F. Chalabi; Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 6, 1289–1293. ... Kinetics of the conversion reaction of gypsum with ammonium carbonate.

Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production. During this quarter, more bench-scale experiments including a mass balance analysis were conducted; a yield up to 83% and up to 99% purity were achieved. ...

Kinetics of the conversion reaction of gypsum with ammonium carbonate

The process for conversion of gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by the reaction with ammonium carbonate is by a unique combination of countercurrent flows coupled with reactors operated in a batch manner and thus partially continuous, with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing ...

Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70{degrees}C for a duration of five to six hours. The results of a literature review …

ammonium or potassium sulfate by the double de-composition reaction. Ammonium sulfate for use as fertilizer, supplying sulphur as well as nitrogen to soils, can be manufactured from anhydrous ammonium carbonate and gypsum or anhydrite. Elkanzi studied the kinetics of the conversion of calcium sulfate to ammonium sulfate using ammo -

ammonium sulfate can be obtained by converting ammonium carbonate with readily soluble sulfates such as alum, as well as with sulfates which only dissolve with difliculty such as gypsum that is to say hydrated calcium sulfate (Graham Otto, 5th ed., 3 div., pag. 482). Both reactions have been proposed for obtaining ammonium sulfate from gas liquor, the stoichiometrical …

V. Evaluate the impact of continued use of FGD-gypsum-derived ammonium sulfate on soil chemical properties. VI. Establish a process flow sheet for the production of ammonium sulfate from FGD gypsum and evaluate the production costs and the market potential for the product. This project is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, UIUC, AUiedSignal, SE-ME,

Ammonium sulfate is found in the most everyday applications because of their unique chemical and physical properties. Ammonium sulfate is used in the agricultural fertilizer as a source of nitrogen and sulfur for plant nutrients (Schwenke & McMullen, 2009).Ammonium sulfate is a mixed fertilizer which contains nitrogen and sulfur nutrients (FAO, 2003, Tisdale, …

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the technology of ammonium sulphate preparation from phosphogypsum and can be used in chemical industry at mineral fertilisers production. The claimed method for ammonium sulphate preparation includes: 1) phosphogypsum conversion in the reusable solution of ammonium sulphate with dispersed ammonia and …

Ammonium sulfate was prepared by adding a fixed amount of natural gypsum with an appropriate quantity of ammonium carbonate in distilled water at varying temperatures for different contact times ...

healthy profit margin of 25% for converting F GD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate if a granule size of (1.2 to 3.3 millimeters) ammonium sulfate product could be produced. During phase II of the project (1996-97), various specifications for commercial applications of calcium carbonate, both ground and precipitated, were reviewed for determining the

The PG conversion by ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) into calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is classifying in the top of the PG conversion and it's known generally by the ...

The reactivity of flue gas desulphurization gypsum with ammonium carbonate has been studied in the temperature range (20–50) °C. Mechanism of this reaction was suggested and the kinetics parameters characterizing the reaction were determined. A mathematical model suitable for the prediction of the conversion of gypsum was proposed. The reaction is of the …

It is also of particular importance in chloride hydrometallurgy and numerous conversion processes, such as the manufacture of sodium, potassium and ammonium sulfate from PG by simple dissolution ...

Ammonium sulfate can be prepared by the conversion reaction of gypsum with CO 2 and ammonia (Danielik et al., 2018). Except for ammonium sulfate, calcium carbonate is produced as a by-product ...

In parallel, a comparative study between the conversion process of the synthetic gypsum (SG) and PG shows that the two samples are similar. ... {Phosphogypsum Two-Step Ammonia-Carbonation Resulting in Ammonium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Synthesis: Effect of the Molar Ratio OH−/Ca2+ on the Conversion Process}, author={Amine Idboufrade and ...

FGD gypsum conversion comprises reacting FGD gypsum (calcium sulfate) feedstock, in either batch or continuous mode, with an ammonium carbonate reagent to …

The process for conversion of FGD gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by the reaction with ammonium carbonate is by a unique combination of countercurrent flows with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing the reaction time. The filters remove solids and thus enable the solids to ...

The results obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of this proposed procedure, resulting in the synthesis of relatively pure calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4).

Definitions. This invention relates to the production of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate from gypsum obtained from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems located at electric power plants. While FGD gypsum provides a cheap source of gypsum, the physical structure of the gypsum crystalline particles may have characteristics that make it difficult to react with other …

Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70°C for a duration of five to six hours. A yield of up to 82% and a purity of up to 95% for the ammonium sulfate production was achieved. In this quarter, more bench-scale experiments including a mass balance analysis were conducted.

The conversion of the gypsum PL and the gypsum RH to K 2 SO 4 is performed with stoichiometric mixture between these synthetics types of gypsum and K 2 CO 3. ... Radionuclide flow during the conversion of phosphogypsum to ammonium sulfate. J Environ Radioact, 32 (1–2) (1996), pp. 33-51, 10.1016/0265-931X(95)00078-O. View PDF View article …

In principle, the gypsum waste could be used to capture several hundred megatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO 2). For example, when gypsum is converted to ammonium sulfate [(NH 4) 2 SO 4] with ammonia (NH 3) and CO 2, also solid calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) is generated. The ammonium sulfate can be utilized as a fertilizer or in other mineral ...

One partial solution to this problem may be conversion of phosphogypsum to ammonium sulfate by the so-called Merseberg ammonocarbonation process. Ammonium sulfate is an excellent fertilizer which supplies sulfur as well as nitrogen to soils. ... Disposal or use of gypsum in production of ammonium sulfate; J.S. Kanwar et al.